fortuneias

Sociology Optional Syllabus for Civil Service Examination

The sociology optional paper overlaps very significantly with the General Studies Paper 1 (Indian Society section) in the UPSC Mains and is also useful for GS Paper 2, GS Paper 3 and the Essay paper. The Sociology syllabus for UPSC focuses on contemporary social problems.

 

An IAS optional paper consists of 250 marks, and the total is 500. Sociology forms a popular UPSC optional subject among UPSC aspirants since an IAS officer has to engage with all dimensions of society, and in such a case, a good knowledge about sociology comes in handy.

 

Sociology Syllabus for UPSC Optional – Paper I

 

  1. Sociology – The Discipline:
  • Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of Sociology. 
  • Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.
  •  Sociology and common sense.

 

  1. Sociology as Science:
  • Science, scientific method and critique.
  • Major theoretical strands of research methodology.
  • Positivism and its critique.
  • Fact value and objectivity. 
  • Non-positivist methodologies. 

 

  1. Research Methods and Analysis:
  • Qualitative and quantitative methods.
  • Techniques of data collection.
  • Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.

 

  1. Sociological Thinkers:
  • Karl Marx – Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class struggle.
  • Emile Durkhteim – Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society. 
  • Max Weber – Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism.
  • Talcolt Parsons – Social system, pattern variables.
  • Robert K. Merton – Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance, reference groups.
  • Mead – Self and identity.

 

  1. Stratification and Mobility:
  •  Concepts – equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation. 
  • Theories of social stratification – Structural func tionalist theory, Marxist theory, Weberian theory.
  •  Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity and race.
  • Social mobility – open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources and causes of mobility.

 

  1. Works and Economic Life:
  • Social organization of work in different types of society – slave society, feudal society, industrial capitalist society.
  • Formal and informal organization of work.
  • Labour and society.

 

  1. Politics and Society:
  • Sociological theories of power.
  • Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups and political parties.
  • Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.
  • Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.

 

  1. Religion and Society:
  • Sociological theories of religion.
  • Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.
  • Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious revivalism, fundamen talism.

 

  1. Systems of Kinship:
  • Family, household, marriage.
  • Types and forms of family. 
  • Lineage and descent.
  • Patriarchy and sexual division of labour.
  • Contemporary trends.

 

  1. Social Change in Modern Society:
  • Sociological theories of social change. 
  • Development and dependency. 
  • Agents of social change.
  • Education and social change.
  • Science, technology and social change.

 

Sociology Syllabus for UPSC Optional – Paper II

 

A. Introducing Indian Society:

 

a.Perspectives on the Study of Indian Society: 

  • Indology (G.S. Ghure).
  • Structural functionalism (M. N. Srinivas).
  • Marxist sociology (A. R. Desai).

 

b.Impact of colonial rule on Indian society: 

  • Social background of Indian nationalism.
  • Modernization of Indian tradition.
  • Protests and movements during the colonial period. (d) Social reforms.

 

B. Social Structure:

 

  • Rural and Agrarian Social Structure: 
    •  The idea of Indian village and village studies.

       Agrarian social structure- evolution of land tenure system, land reforms.

 

  • Caste System:
    • Perspectives on the study of caste systems: G. S. Ghurye, M. N. Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.

 

  • Features of caste system.
    • Untouchability-forms and perspectives 

 

  • Tribal Communities in India:
    • Definitional problems.
    • Geographical spread.
    • Colonial policies and tribes.
    • Issues of integration and autonomy.

 

  • Social Classes in India:
    • Agrarian class structure. 
    • Industrial class structure. 
    • Middle classes in India. 

 

  • Systems of Kinship in India: (a) Lineage and descent in India. (b) Types of kinship systems. (c) Family and marriage in India.

 

  • Household dimensions of the family.
  • Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division oflabour.

 

  •  Religion and Society:
    • Religious communities in India.
    • Problems of religious minorities. 

 

  • Social Changes in India:
    • Visions of Social Change in India:
      • Constitution, law and social change.
      • Education and social change.

 

  • Idea of development planning and mixed economy.
    • Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:
    • Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.
    • Green revolution and social change.

 

  • Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture.
    • Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.

 

  • Industrialisation and Urbanisation in India:
    • Evolution of modern industry in India.
    • Growth of urban settlements in India.
    • Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.
    • Informal sector, child labour.
    • Slums and deprivation in urban areas.

 

  • Politics and Society:
    • Nation, democracy and citizenship.
    • Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite. 
    • Regionalism and decentralisation of power.
    • Secularisation.

 

  • Social Movements in Modern India :
    •  Peasants and farmers movements.
    • Women’s movement.
    • Backward classes & Dalit movements.
    • Environmental movements.
    • Ethnicity and Identity movements.

 

  • Population Dynamics :
    • Population size, growth, composition and distribution.
    • Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.
    • Population Policy and family planning.
    • Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive health.

 

  •  Challenges of Social Transformation:
    • Crisis of development displacement, environmental problems and sustainability.
    • Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.
    • Violence against women.
    • Caste conflicts.
    • Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.
    • Illiteracy and disparities in education.

 

In this direction, Sociology optional paper for UPSC will substantially overlap with topics in the General Studies paper, and hence its preparation shall also be efficient if done concurrently. Also, practice the previous years’ UPSC question papers and mock tests as much as possible to increase the chance of succeeding in the UPSC Sociology examination.